Start with the simplest test
Play audio you know works and raise the volume on both Windows and the Bluetooth device. If possible, test the headphones or speaker with another device too. This helps separate a Windows problem from a problem with the audio device.
Do not start with advanced changes. A device can be correctly paired while Windows is simply sending sound to the wrong output.
1. Check the Windows sound output
Select the sound icon on the taskbar and check the current output. Then open Settings, System, Sound and confirm that your Bluetooth headphones or speaker is selected under Output. Microsoft lists this among the first checks for a Bluetooth device that connects but produces no sound.
2. Restart the Bluetooth connection
Open Settings, Bluetooth & devices, turn Bluetooth off, wait about 10 seconds and turn it on again. Reconnect the audio device and test before changing anything else.
3. Remove and pair again
If Windows still shows the device but audio does not work, remove it from Bluetooth settings and pair it again. Put the headphones or speaker into its proper pairing mode and make sure another nearby phone is not taking the connection.
4. Check the audio format
If the device connects but audio remains silent or poor, open its advanced sound properties. Microsoft's current guidance suggests testing 2-channel, 16-bit, 48000 Hz where that option is available. Note the original value before changing it.
5. Use Windows troubleshooting
On Windows 11, Microsoft recommends the automated Bluetooth troubleshooter in the Get Help app. Let it complete, then test the audio again so you know whether that step changed the result.
6. Check supported updates
If the problem began after a Windows change, check Windows Update and your computer manufacturer's support information for current Bluetooth support. Avoid unofficial download sites and test after each supported change rather than changing several things at once.
When to stop and get help
Stop if Windows repeatedly reports a hardware error, Bluetooth disappears completely, the computer has physical or liquid damage, or the same audio device fails on multiple known-good systems. Avoid destructive system changes when the evidence points to hardware or compatibility trouble.